I want to say to you, read the book, the Pearl of Great Price, and read the Book of Abraham. The Pearl of Great Price I hold to be one of the most intelligent, one of the most religious books that the world has ever had; but more than that, to me the Pearl of Great Price is true in its name. It contains an ideal of life that is higher and grander and more glorious than I think is found in the pages of any other book unless it be the Holy Bible. It behooves us to read these things, understand them: and I thank God when they are attacked, because it brings to me, after a study and thought, back to the fact that what God has given He has given, and He has nothing to retract." - Levi Edgar Young, Conference Report (April 1913), 74

"...it must be evident to all who seriously consider the matter, that if the Book of Abraham as given to us by Joseph Smith be true, it must have been translated by a greater than human power." - George Reynolds, The Book of Abraham: Its Authenticity Established as a Divine and Ancient Record (Salt Lake City: Deseret News, 1879), 4

Thursday, March 24, 2016

Abraham 4-5 Compared With Genesis 1-2



Kevin Barney recently wrote up a brief comparison regarding some of the differences between Abraham 4 and 5 with Genesis 1 and 2. His purpose was to further the discussion on the potential influence that Joseph's Hebrew studies had upon the Book of Abraham. This contrast is directly relevant to a paper that I've been working on for a couple of months now, and part of the research for my paper explores some of these differences. I decided to leave out the verse by verse comparison from my paper, but in connection with Barney's blog post, I thought it might be well to add that comparison here. The verses are laid out in the following format (translation: underlying text):

   King James Version (KJV): MT
   Book of Abraham (Abr)
   -
   New Revised Standard Version (NRSV): MT
   New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS): LXX


The NRSV and LXX are provided for the purpose of 1) NRSV - inclusion of a more accurate translation of the masoretic text than the KJV provides, and 2) LXX - I initially wanted to see what similarities the BoA might have with the LXX where divergences exist between the MT and Abr. The NRSV and LXX are included below for informational purposes only. No analysis has been conducted on these additional sources in this post. Differences between Abr and the KJV are denoted by additions/changes or deletions/changes below. 

A word of caution: this analysis does not compare the Book of Abraham transcripts in the Kirtland Egyptian Papers or the first published text in the Times and Seasons, rather the text from the Book of Abraham as it is currently published has been used. Additionally, the KJV text below is also from the currently published version by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, rather than an 1830's or 1840's KJV Bible, thus, there may be some differences not accounted for in the following analysis. A more academic approach in using the original/older texts is warranted for better textual criticism, but my purpose was to simply highlight some of the thematic differences, even though differences in specific verbiage (which I would anticipate if a proper exercise in textual criticism were conducted) would undoubtedly yield informative data as well.


The traditional "Priestly" (P) source - Genesis 1:1-2:4a:

1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
And then the Lord said: Let us go down. And they went down at the beginning, and they, that is the Godsorganized and formed the heavens and the earth.
-
1 In the beginning when God created the heavens and the earth.
1 In the beginning God made the sky and the earth.


2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
2 And the earth, after it was formed, was empty and desolate, because they had not formed anything but the earth; and darkness reigned upon the face of the deep, and the Spirit of the Gods was brooding upon the face of the waters.
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2 The earth was a formless void and darkness covered the face of the deep, while a wind from God swept over the face of the waters.
2 Yet the earth was invisible and unformed, and darkness was over the abyss, and a divine wind was being carried along over the water.


3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
3 And they (the Gods) said: Let there be light; and there was light.
-
3 Then God said, "Let there be light"; and there was light.
3 And God said, "Let light come into being." And light came into being.


4 And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.
4 And they (the Gods) comprehended the light, for it was bright; and they divided the light, or caused it to be divided, from the darkness.
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4 And God saw that the light was good; and God separated the light from the darkness.
4 And God saw the light, that it was good. And God separated between the light and between the darkness.


5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.
5 And the Gods called the light Day, and the darkness they called Night. And it came to pass that from the evening until morning they called night; and from the morning until the evening they called day; and this was the first, or the beginning, of that which they called day and night.
-
5 God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, the first day.
5 And God called the light Day and the darkness he called Night. And it came to be evening, and it came to be morning, day one.


6 ¶And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
6 And the Gods also said: Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters, and it shall divide the waters from the waters.
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6 And God said, "Let there be a dome in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters."
6 And God said, "Let a firmament come into being in the midst of the water, and let it be a separator between water and water." And it became so.


7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
7 And the Gods ordered the expanse, so that it divided the waters which were under the expanse from the waters which were above the expanse; and it was so, even as they ordered.
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7 So God made the dome and separated the waters that were under the dome from the waters that were above the dome. And it was so.
7 And God made the firmament, and God separated between the water that was under the firmament and between the water that was above the firmament.


8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.
8 And the Gods called the expanse, Heaven. And it came to pass that it was from evening until morning that they called night; and it came to pass that it was from morning until evening that they called day; and this was the second time that they called night and day.
-
8 God called the dome Sky. And there was evening and there was morning, the second day.
8 And God called the firmament Sky. And God saw that it was good. And it came to be evening, and it came to be morning, a second day.


9 ¶And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: and it was so.
9 And the Gods ordered, saying: Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the earth come up dry; and it was so as they ordered;
-
9 And God said, "Let the waters under the sky be gathered together into one place, and let the dry land appear." And it was so.
9 And God said, "Let the water that is under the sky be gathered into one gathering, and let the dry land appear." And it became so. And the water that was under the sky was gathered into their gatherings, and the dry land appeared.


10 And God called the dry land Earth; and the gathering together of the waters called he Seas: and God saw that it was good.
10 And the Gods pronounced the dry land, Earth; and the gathering together of the waters, pronounced they, Great Waters; and the Gods saw that they were obeyed.
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10 God called the dry land Earth, and the waters that were gathered together he called Seas. And God saw that it was good.
10 And God called the dry land Earth, and the systems of the waters he called Seas. And God saw that it was good.


11 And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so.
11 And the Gods said: Let us prepare the earth to bring forth grass; the herb yielding seed; the fruit tree yielding fruit, after his kind, whose seed in itself yieldeth its own likeness upon the earth; and it was so, even as they ordered.
-
11 Then God said, "Let the earth put forth vegetation: plants yielding seed, and fruit trees of every kind on earth that bear fruit with the seed in it." And it was so.
11 And God said, "Let the earth put forth herbaceous vegetation, seeding seed according to kind and according to likeness, and a fruit-bearing tree producing fruit of which seed is in it according to kind, on the earth." And it became so.


12 And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
12 And the Gods organized the earth to bring forth grass from its own seed, and the herb to bring forth herb from its own seed, yielding seed after his kind; and the earth to bring forth the tree from its own seed, yielding fruit, whose seed could only bring forth the same in itself, after his kind; and the Gods saw that they were obeyed.
-
12 The earth brought forth vegetation: plants yielding seed of every kind, and trees of every kind bearing fruit with the seed in it. And God saw that it was good.
12 And the earth brought forth herbaceous vegetation, seeding seed according to kind and according to likeness, and a fruit-bearing tree producing fruit of which its seed is in it according to kind, on the earth. And God saw that it was good.


13 And the evening and the morning were the third day.
13 And it came to pass that they numbered the days; from the evening until the morning they called night; and it came to pass, from the morning until the evening they called day; and it was the third time.
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13 And there was evening and there was morning, the third day.
13 And it came to be evening, and it came to be morning, a third day.


14 ¶And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:
14 And the Gods organized the lights in the expanse of the heaven, and caused them to divide the day from the night; and organized them to be for signs and for seasons, and for days and for years;
-
14 And God said, "Let there be lights in the dome of the sky to separate the day from the night; and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and years,
14 And God said, "Let luminaries come into being in the firmament of the sky for illumination of the earth, to separate between the day and between the night, and let them be for signs and for seasons and for days and for years.


15 And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so.
15 And organized them to be for lights in the expanse of the heaven to give light upon the earth; and it was so.
-
15 and let them be lights in the dome of the sky to give light upon the earth." And it was so.
15 and let them be for illumination in the firmament of the sky so as to give light upon the earth." And it became so.


16 And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.
16 And the Gods organized the two great lights, the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night; with the lesser light they set the stars also;
-
16 God made the two great lights—the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night—and the stars.
16 And God made the two great luminaries, the great luminary for rulership of the day and the lesser luminary for rulership of the night, and the stars.


17 And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth,
17 And the Gods set them in the expanse of the heavens, to give light upon the earth,... [see 18]
-
17 God set them in the dome of the sky to give light upon the earth,
17 And God set them in the firmament of the sky so as to give light upon the earth

18 And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.
[17] and to rule over the day and over the night, and to cause to divide the light from the darkness. 18 And the Gods watched those things which they had ordered until they obeyed.
-
18 to rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good.
18 and to rule the day and the night and to separate between the light and between the darkness. And God saw that it was good.


19 And the evening and the morning were the fourth day.
19 And it came to pass that it was from evening until morning that it was night; and it came to pass that it was from morning until evening that it was day; and it was the fourth time.
-
19 And there was evening and there was morning, the fourth day.
19 And it came to be evening, and it came to be morning, a fourth day.


20 And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.
20 And the Gods said: Let us prepare the waters to bring forth abundantly the moving creatures that have life; and the fowl, that they may fly above the earth in the open expanse of heaven.
-
20 And God said, "Let the waters bring forth swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the dome of the sky."
20 And God said, "Let the waters bring forth creeping things among living creatures and birds flying on the earth against the firmament of the sky." And it became so.


21 And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
21 And the Gods prepared the waters that they might bring forth great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters were to bring forth abundantly after their kind; and every winged fowl after their kind. And the Gods saw that they would be obeyed, and that their plan was good.
-
21 So God created the great sea monsters and every living creature that moves, of every kind, with which the waters swarm, and every winged bird of every kind. And God saw that it was good.
21 And God made the great sea monsters and every creature among creeping animals, which the waters brought forth according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to kind. And God saw that they were good.


22 And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth.
22 And the Gods said: We will bless them, and cause them to be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas or great waters; and cause the fowl to multiply in the earth.
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22 God blessed them, saying, "Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth."
22 And God blessed them, saying, "Increase, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth."


23 And the evening and the morning were the fifth day.
23 And it came to pass that it was from evening until morning that they called night; and it came to pass that it was from morning until evening that they called day; and it was the fifth time.
-
23 And there was evening and there was morning, the fifth day.
23 And it came to be evening, and it came to be morning, a fifth day.


24 ¶And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so.
24 And the Gods prepared the earth to bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle and creeping things, and beasts of the earth after their kind; and it was so, as they had said.
-
24 And God said, "Let the earth bring forth living creatures of every kind: cattle and creeping things and wild animals of the earth of every kind." And it was so.
24 And God said, "Let the earth bring forth the living creature according to kind: quadrupeds and creeping things and wild animals of the earth according to kind." And it became so.


25 And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that it was good.
25 And the Gods organized the earth to bring forth the beasts after their kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after its kind; and the Gods saw they would obey.
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25 God made the wild animals of the earth of every kind, and the cattle of every kind, and everything that creeps upon the ground of every kind. And God saw that it was good.
25 And God made the wild animals of the earth according to kind and the cattle according to kind and all the creeping things of the earth according to their kind. And God saw that they were good.


26 ¶And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
26 And the Gods took counsel among themselves and said: Let us go down and form man in our image, after our likeness; and we will give them dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth.
-
26 Then God said, "Let us make humankind in our image, according to our likeness; and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the wild animals of the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth."
26 Then God said, "Let us make humankind according to our image and according to likeness, and let them rule the fish of the sea and the birds of the sky and the cattle and all the earth and all creeping things that creep upon the earth."


27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
27 So the Gods went down to organize man in their own image, in the image of the Gods to form they him, male and female to form they them.
-
27 So God created humankind in his image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them.
27 And God made humdankind; according to divine image he made it; male and female he made them.


28 And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.
28 And the Gods said: We will bless them. And the Gods said: We will cause them to be fruitful and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it, and to have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.
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28 God blessed them, and God said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the air and over every living thing that moves upon the earth."
28 And God blessed them, saying, "Increase, and multiply, and fill the earth, and subdue it, and rule the fish of the sea and the birds of the sky and all the cattle and all the earth and all the creeping things that creep upon the earth.


29 ¶And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.
29 And the Gods said: Behold, we will give them every herb bearing seed that shall come upon the face of all the earth, and every tree which shall have fruit upon it; yea, the fruit of the tree yielding seed to them we will give it; it shall be for their meat.
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29 God said, "See, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree with seed in its fruit; you shall have them for food.
29 And God said, "See, I have given to you any herbage, sowable, seeding seed, which is over all the earth, and any tree that has in itself fruit of sowable seed--to you it shall be for food--"


30 And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, wherein there is life, I have given every green herb for meat: and it was so.
30 And to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to every thing that creepeth upon the earth, behold, we will give them life, and also we will give to them every green herb for meat, and all these things shall be thus organized.
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30 And to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the air, and to everything that creeps on the earth, everything that has the breath of life, I have given every green plant for food." And it was so.
30 and to all the wild animals of the earth and to all the birds of the sky and to every creeping thing that creeps on the earth that has in itself the animating force of life,--and all green herbage for food." And it became so.


31 And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day.
31 And the Gods said: We will do everything that we have said, and organize them; and behold, they shall be very obedient. And it came to pass that it was from evening until morning they called night; and it came to pass that it was from morning until evening that they called day; and they numbered the sixth time.
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31 God saw everything that he had made, and indeed, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.
31 And God saw all the things that he had made, and see, they were exceedingly good. And it came to be evening, and it came to be morning, a sixth day.


1 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all the host of them.
And thus we will finish the heavens and the earth, and all the hosts of them.
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1 Thus the heavens and the earth were finished, and all their multitude.
1 And the sky and the earth were finished, and all their arrangement.


2 And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
2 And the Gods said among themselves: On the seventh time we will end our work, which we have counseled; and we will rest on the seventh time from all our work which we have counseled.
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2 And on the seventh day God finished the work that he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all the work that he had done.
2 And on the sixth day God finished his works that he had made, and he left off on the seventh day from all his works that he had made.


3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.
3 And the Gods concluded upon the seventh time, because that on the seventh time they would rest from all their works which they (the Gods) counseled among themselves to form; and sanctified it. And thus were their decisions at the time that they counseled among themselves to form the heavens and the earth.
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3 So God blessed the seventh day and hallowed it, because on it God rested from all the work that he had done in creation.
3 And God blessed the seventh day and hallowed it, because on it he left off from all his works that God had begun to make.


4a ¶These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created,...[see 4b]
4a And the Gods came down and formed these the generations of the heavens and of the earth, when they were formed...[see 4b] 
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4a These are the generations of the heavens and the earth when they were created...[see 4b] 
4a This is the book of the origin of heaven and earth, when it originated,...[see 4b]



The traditional "Jehovist/Yahwist" (J) source - Genesis 2:4b-3:24 [ending below at 2:25 where the Book of Abraham ends at 5:21]:

4b ...in the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens,
4b ...in the day that the Gods formed the earth and the heavens,
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4b ...In the day that the Lord God made the earth and the heavens,
4b ...on the day that God made the sky and the earth


5 And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the Lord God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground.
5 According to all that which they had said concerning every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew; for the Gods had not caused it to rain upon the earth when they counseled to do them, and had not formed a man to till the ground.
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5 when no plant of the field was yet in the earth and no herb of the field had yet sprung up—for the Lord God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was no one to till the ground;
5 and all verdure of the field before it came to be upon the earth and all herbage of the field before it sprang up, for God had not sent rain upon the earth, and there was not a human to till the earth,


6 But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground.
6 But there went up a mist from the earth, and watered the whole face of the ground.
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6 but a stream would rise from the earth, and water the whole face of the ground—
6 yet a spring would rise from the earth and water the whole face of the earth.


7 And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.
7 And the Gods formed man from the dust of the ground, and took his spirit (that is, the man’s spirit), and put it into him; and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul.
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7 then the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and the man became a living being.
7 And God formed man, dust from the earth, and breathed into his face a breath of life, and the man became a living being.


8 ¶And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man whom he had formed.
8 And the Gods planted a garden, eastward in Eden, and there they put the man, whose spirit they had put into the body which they had formed.
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8 And the Lord God planted a garden in Eden, in the east; and there he put the man whom he had formed. 
8 And the Lord God planted an orchard in Edem toward the east, and there he put the man whom he had formed.


9 And out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, and good for food; the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
9 And out of the ground made the Gods to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food; the tree of life, also, in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.
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9 Out of the ground the Lord God made to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food, the tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.
9 And out of the earth God furthermore made to grow every tree that is beautiful to the sight and good for food, the tree of life also in the orchard's midst and the tree for knowing what is knowable of good and evil.


10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.
10 There was a river running out of Eden, to water the garden, and from thence it was parted and became into four heads.
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10 A river flows out of Eden to water the garden, and from there it divides and becomes four branches.
10 Now a river goes out of Edem to water the orchard; from there it divides into four sources.


11 The name of the first is Pison: that is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;
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11 The name of the first is Pishon; it is the one that flows around the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold;
11 The name of the one is Phison; it is the one that encircles the whole land of Heuilat, there where the gold is;


12 And the gold of that land is good: there is dellium and the onyx stone.
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12 and the gold of that land is good; bdellium and onyx stone are there.
12 now the gold of that land is good, and carbuncle and light green stone are there.


13 And the name of the second river is Gihon: the same is it that compasseth the whole land of Ethiopia.
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13 The name of the second river is Gihon; it is the one that flows around the whole land of Cush.
13 And the second river's name is Geon; it is the one that encircles the whole land of Ethiopia.


14 And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.
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14 The name of the third river is Tigris, which flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.
14 And the third river is the Tigris; it is the one that goes over against the Assyrians. As for the fourth river, it is the Euphrates.


15 And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it.
11 And the Gods took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it.
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15 The Lord God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to till it and keep it.
15 And the Lord God took the man whom he had formed and put him in the orchard to till and keep it.


16 And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat:
12 And the Gods commanded the man, saying: Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat,
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16 And the Lord God commanded the man, “You may freely eat of every tree of the garden;
16 And the Lord God commanded Adam, saying, "You shall eat for food of every tree that is in the orchard,


17 But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.
13 But of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it; for in the time that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die. Now I, Abraham, saw that it was after the Lord’s time, which was after the time of Kolob; for as yet the Gods had not appointed unto Adam his reckoning.
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17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for in the day that you eat of it you shall die.”
17 but of the three for knowing good and evil, of it you shall not eat; on the day that you eat of it, you shall die by death."


18 ¶And the Lord God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.
14 And the Gods said: Let us make an help meet for the man, for it is not good that the man should be alone, therefore we will form an help meet for him.
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18 Then the Lord God said, “It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a helper as his partner.”
18 Then the Lord God said, "It is not good that the man is alone; let us make him a helper corresponding to him."


19 follows vs. 25 below
20 follows vs. 25 below


21 And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof;
15 And the Gods caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam; and he slept, and they took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh in the stead thereof;
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21 So the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept; then he took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. 
21 And God cast a trance upon Adam, and he slept, and he took one of his ribs and filled up flesh in its place.


22 And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man.
16 And of the rib which the Gods had taken from man, formed they a woman, and brought her unto the man.
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22 And the rib that the Lord God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man.
22 And the rib that he had taken from Adam the Lord God fashioned into a woman and brought her to Adam.


23 And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.
17 And Adam said: This was bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; now she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of man;
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23 Then the man said, “This at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; this one shall be called Woman, for out of Man this one was taken.”
23 And Adam said, "This now is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; this one shall be called Woman, for out of her husband she was taken."


24 Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh.
18 Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife, and they shall be one flesh.
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24 Therefore a man leaves his father and his mother and clings to his wife, and they become one flesh.
24 Therefore a man will leave his father and mother and will be joined to his wife, and the two will become one flesh.


25 And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.
19 And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.
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25 And the man and his wife were both naked, and were not ashamed.
25 And the two were naked, both Adam and his wife, and were not ashamed.


19 And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.
20 And out of the ground the Gods formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air, and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them; and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that should be the name thereof.
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19 So out of the ground the Lord God formed every animal of the field and every bird of the air, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them; and whatever the man called every living creature, that was its name.
19 And out of the earth God furthermore formed all the animals of the field and all the birds of the sky and brought them to Adam to see what he would call them, and anything, whatever Adam called it as living creature, this was its name.


20 And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.
21 And Adam gave names to all cattle, to the fowl of the air, to every beast of the field; and for Adam, there was found an help meet for him.
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20 The man gave names to all cattle, and to the birds of the air, and to every animal of the field; but for the man there was not found a helper as his partner.
20 And Adam gave names to all the cattle and to all the birds of the sky and to all the animals of the field, but for Adam there was not found a helper like him.

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